Genk landed the Belgian Pro League title by drawing 1-1 with Anderlecht to establish a four-point lead at the top of the table ahead of Club Brugge, wrapping up the championship with one round to go.
Vukovic, who signed for Genk immediately after helping Sydney FC win the 2017 A-League championship, had all but given up hope of a stint in Europe.
But now the veteran gloveman has now gone on to play a key role in Genk's fourth league title in their history and their first in eight years.
He started in 51 games across all competitions this season and has overseen the tightest defence in the league, topping the list of clean sheets with 11.
Vukovic thus emulates Socceroos stars Eddy Krncevic (Anderlecht 1986-1987) , Frank Farina (Brugge 1989-1990), Paul Okon (Brugge 1995-1996) and Josip Skoko (Genk 2001-2002) in adding a Belgian title to their CV.
"In terms of achievement this is certainly the highlight of my professional career," Vukovic, 34, said after the game in Brussels.
"But what a relief. We led practically all season and it was our championship to lose.
"The Belgian league is a tough competition with some very good teams. To be the best of them all is huge.
"Now we go straight into next season's UEFA Champions League, which is really exciting.
"We have done enough now and we can look forward to playing in the biggest club competition in the world."
Genk are no strangers to European football and Vukovic rates the victory over Besiktas in Istanbul in this season's UEFA Europa League as the match that showed the players and staff that the team had what it takes to win the domestic championship.
"I think the moment that showed us we were good enough to succeed was the one in Turkey against Besiktas," Vukovic said.
"The Besiktas ground is one of the most hostile places in world football but we went there and dominated.
"We won 4-2 and inflicted on them their first home defeat in more than a year. We knew then that we were very strong."
Vukovic, who is the Socceroos' No 2 goalkeeper behind his old mate Maty Ryan who plays for Brighton & Hove Albion in the Premier League, said he felt that helping Genk win the league was one way of saying 'thankyou' to the club for offering him a contract at the ripe old age of 32.
"Genk took a big risk on me and I'm grateful to the club and for the opportunity they gave me," he said.
"I was a 32-year-old goalkeeper who had never played in Europe so that was massive. I have since extended my contract for two more years."
Genk also offered Vukovic special assistance for his young son Harley who was recovering from a successful liver transplant.
Harley would become Vukovic's biggest fan and images on social media of him and his father celebrating on the pitch after some home matches often went viral.
But Harley was not there to savour his father's biggest moment.
"Harley does not know we won the league yet," Vukovic said.
"It's a school night and it was a late kick-off. But he will be there for our last game against Standard Liege on Sunday to celebrate with our supporters."
