Palace and Stoke had agreed a fee for the 31-year-old midfielder, who is currently sidelined with a hamstring injury and out of Australia's World Cup qualifiers against Bangladesh and Tajikstan, reported to be in the region of $8.6 million.
However, the Potters and Jedinak were unable to agree personal terms before the transfer window closed in the UK.
Jedinak, who is under contract until June 2017, has been a big success at Palace - for whom he is club captain - since joining the club from Turkish outfit Genclerbirligi in 2011 and an integral part of the team that won promotion to the Premier League in 2012 and has survived in it for the last two years.
But he missed a large chunk of the back end of last season due to an ankle injury sustained in the successful AFC Asian Cup campaign and then served a four-match ban in March after being charged with violent conduct for elbowing West Ham striker Diafra Sakho.
Palace boss Alan Pardew is believed to have told Jedinak his game time will be reduced with new signing Yohan Cabaye and Scotland midfielder James McArthur now ahead of him in the pecking order.
Watford and West Bromwich Albion also expressed an interest in the former Central Coast Mariners star.
